Slice -- Extract pre-defined slices from an ASCII file
slice [-v] [-o sliceterm:outputfile[@chmodcmd] ..] [inputfile]
slice [-V] [-h]
The slice program reads inputfile (or from STDIN if inputfile is not given or equal ``-'') and divides its already prepared ASCII contents into possibly overlapping areas, called slices. These slices are determined by enclosing blocks defined by begin and end delimiters which have to be already in the file. These block delimiters use the syntax
-
[NAME: ... :NAME]
or alternatively (if there is no misinterpretation possible, i.e. no overlapping or stacked slices)
[NAME: ... :]
There can be as many such slice definitions as you like and there can be more than one slice with the same name. The resulting slice is the union of all equal named slices. Actually use this to spread a big slice over disjunct peaces of inputfile.
The final output data gets calculated by a slice term consisting of slice names and set theory operators. The following syntax is recognized (in order of LR(1) grammar parsing) for slice terms:
NAME
The slice NAME itself.
!NAME
~NAME
The complement of slice NAME (i.e. ALL\NAME).
In formula: {x in ALL: x not in NAME}
NAME1xNAME2
NAME1^NAME2
The exclusive-or relation between slice NAME1 and slice NAME2. In set theory also called symmetric difference: (NAME1uNAME2)\(NAME1nNAME2) or alternatively (NAME1n!NAME2)u(!NAME1nNAME2).
In formula: {x in ALL: (x in NAME1 or x in NAME2) and not (x in NAME1 and x in NAME2)}.
NAME1\NAME2
NAME1-NAME2
The difference of slice NAME1 and slice NAME2, i.e. NAME1 minus NAME2.
In formula: {x in ALL: x in NAME1 and x not in NAME2}
NAME1nNAME2
NAME1*NAME2
The intersection of slice NAME1 and slice NAME2.
In formula: {x in ALL: x in NAME1 and x in NAME2}
NAME1uNAME2
NAME1+NAME2
The union of slice NAME1 and slice NAME2.
In formula: {x in ALL: x in NAME1 or x in NAME2}
(
)
A grouped slice term. Use this to force a different order of evaluation.
Because slices can be overlapping and stacked, a definition level is assigned to each slice while the input is parsed. These levels range from 1 to the maximum encountered (the level 0 is the whole file, i.e. ALL). When a slice begins, it is assigned the lowest free level, beginning with level 1. As long as one level is in use, it cannot be assigned again until the end delimiter of the corresponding slice is seen.
ALL
An example:
[A:[B::B]:A][C:[D:[E::C]:D][F::E]:F] 3 E-----------E 2 B--B D--------D 1 A--------A C--------C F-----F 0
Here slice A is assigned level 1. Then B is assigned level 2 because level 1 is still in use by A. Then the end of B is reached, level 2 is freed. Then the end of A is reached and level 1 is also free now, so C is assigned level 1 again. Now only level 1 is in use, so D is assigned level 2. Then E is assigned level 3. Then the end of C is seen and level 1 freed. Then the end of D is seen and level 2 is freed. Now F begins and because only level 3 is in use, it gets level 1 assigned. Then the end of E frees level 3 and the end of F frees level 1. Finally no levels are still in use. This indicates that the slicing is correct.
If there are any used levels left at the end of this process this indicates an input error and slice responds with an error message displaying the still open slices.
This complicated level mechanism is needed for granular set operations where particular slices should be included or excluded only. So, to make life easier, a few pseudo-slices are automatically defined:
DEFn
The union of all user-defined slices at exactly level n (0 <= n <= oo).
UNDEFn
The union of all non-user-defined slices at exactly level n (0 <= n <= oo). This actually is just !DEFn.
!DEFn
DEF
The union of all user-defined slices at all levels, beginning at level 1. This actually is the union of all DEFn slices.
UNDEF
The union of all non-user-defined slices at all levels, beginning with 1. This actually is just !DEF.
!DEF
The whole file. This actually is just UNDEF0, because at level 0 there are no user defined slices, so all is undefined.
UNDEF0
@
This is the slice NAME minus the union of all DEFn slices with min(NAME) <= n <= oo. Here min(NAME) is the the lowest level plus one where NAME ever occurred. You can read this as ``NAME without all other slices at higher levels which overwrite it''. This sounds a little bit crazy, but actually is the most important construct. Try to understand it or your slice terms become very complicated.
This redirects the output to a file. Usually the whole file will be send to STDOUT (same as ALL:-). You can use this option more than once to output to more than one file while the corresponding sliceterm determines which output data will be included into each output file.
STDOUT
ALL:-
The optional chmodcmd string is intended for specifying options for the chmod command, which is applied to outputfile after writing. For instance use ``a+r'' to make sure the file is readable by a webserver of ``u+x'' to create a file with the execution bit set (usually used for SSI files on a webserver with the XBitHack option available).
a+r
u+x
XBitHack
This sets verbose mode where some processing information will be given on the console for debugging purpose.
Displays the version identification string.
Displays the usage page.
Sometimes it can be very useful to be able to provide command line options directly within the input file, for instance to setup one or more -o options. For this slice recognizes lines of the form
%!slice OPTIONS
in the input file and automatically adds OPTIONS to the argument line options. These lines have to start in column 0.
Example:
%!slice -oTOC:contents.txt
Assume the following simple multi-language article file article.src, written in HTML:
<html> <head> <title>[EN:Titlepage:][DE:Titelseite:]</title> </head> <body> <center> <h1>[EN:The Title itself:][DE:Der Titel selbst:]</h1> </center> <blockquote> [EN:...English Abstract...:] [DE:...Deutsche Zusammenfassung...:] </blockquote> [EN:...English Text...:] [DE:...Deutscher Text...:] </body> </html>
The command
slice -o ENuUNDEF:article.html.en -o DEuUNDEF:article.html.de
then creates the following to files:
<html> <head> <title>Titlepage</title> </head> <body> <center> <h1>The Title itself</h1> </center> <blockquote> ...English Abstract... </blockquote> ...English Text... </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>Titelseite</title> </head> <body> <center> <h1>Der Titel selbst</h1> </center> <blockquote> ...Deutsche Zusammenfassung... </blockquote> ...Deutscher Text... </body> </html>
The current implementation only handles anonymous end delimiters ``:]'' correct in clear cases where no mis-interpretation is possible, i.e. when no overlapping occurs. For instance in
:]
...[A:...[B:...:A]...:]...
the end delimiter is not correctly assign to the `B' slice. So, be careful when using anonymous end delimiters in overlapping situations. Pure stacking like
...[A:...[B:...:]...:]...
is allowed and handled correctly, but only when you interpret this as
...[A:...[B:...:B]...:A]...
Ralf S. Engelschall rse@engelschall.com www.engelschall.com
To install IO, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm IO
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install IO
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.