Config::Settings - Parsing pleasant configuration files
# myapp.settings hello { world 1; }; # myapp.pl use Config::Settings; my $settings = Config::Settings->new->parse_file ("myapp.settings"); print "Hello world!\n" if $settings->{hello}->{world};
The first thing that probably comes to most people's mind when they see this module is "Why another Config:: module?". So I feel I should probably first explain what motivated me to write this module in the first place before I go into more details of how it works.
There are already numerous modules for doing configuration files available on CPAN. YAML appears to be a prefered module, as do Config::General. There are of course also modules like Config::Any which lets be open to many formats instead of being bound to any particular one, but this modules only supports what is already implemented in another module so if one feels one is not entirely happy with any format with an implementation on CPAN, it doesn't really doesn't solve the fundamental issue that was my incentive to implement a new format.
So let us have a look at the other formats. As previously mentioned, one of the more popular formats today appears to be YAML. YAML isn't really a configuration file format as such, it's a serialization format. It's just better than the more riddiculous alternatives like say XML. It's well documented which is an important feature and reading it, unlike XML, doesn't require a whole lot of brain power for either a human or a machine. A problem with YAML is the whitespace and tab sensitivity. Some will of course not call this a problem. After all, python is constructed on the very same principle, but this isn't python. This is perl. Chances are that if a python-ish structure had been more appropriate for your brain, you would already be using python and not reading the documentation for this module.
But more importantly, this sensitivity is also a problem for people who are not familiar with the format. When I work on a Catalyst project, I seldom work alone. I work with graphic designers, I work with administrators, I work with a lot of people who is not likely to ever have encountered YAML before. Now, YAML *is* easy to read, but unfortunately it's not always easy to write. And sometimes, these people who I am working with needs to make a change to the settings for an application. They make the change, hit tab a few times to make the element position correctly, save the file, and voila it explodes without it really being obvious why.
A different format that has recently become more popular is the Config::General module. This module has adopted the format used by Apache. It's a mixture of markup language and simple key/value pairs. And in light of what I talked about with regards to YAML, this certainly is a better alternative. More people has configured Apache, and even if they haven't it's still more obvious how to modify the configuration file. The syntax of the format is to a much larger extent self-documenting and this is an important feature for a configuration file format. So what is the problem with this module?
For starters, it occationally becomes *too* simple. There is for instance no way of constructing a single element array in it, or really, a good way of specifying an array at all. An array in the Config::General sense is more about a directive being specified multiple times, not constructing arrays. However, I can see why the decision to keep this out of the configuration format was made. Staying true to the Apache format and allowing real arrays really cannot be done. Another thing that bothers me about this format is the weird way it uses something that looks like a markup language to declare sections. I don't like this, I always tend to forget closing tags for more complicated data structures. Such structures rarely exists in a real Apache configuration file, but are very common in a configuration file for a perl program. And the closing tags are also uneccesarily long. Their long name does nothing to help me remember which closing tag belongs to which starting tag, it's really just noise in a configuration file.
In the rationale I layed out above, I pointed out some important qualities in a configuration file format.
These qualities can sometimes be incompatible with each other, depending on how they are achieved. And there's in any case no such thing as a perfect solution. The best one can hope to achieve is something we can be comfortable with.
One configuration format I've been happy with previously has been the BIND (The nameserver) configuration format. It's very C/perl-ish, allows you to express somewhat complex configuration structures with a very simlpe syntax, and most importantly, it just "feels right". So I looked around on CPAN to see if I could find a parser that would allow me to parse something that was at least somewhat similar, but couldn't find any. So I started this module as a project both to see if a reasonable parser for such a format could be made and to learn how to use the Parse::RecDescent module.
# This is an example from the default named.conf on my system. zone "localhost" { type master; file "master/localhost-forward.db"; };
And here they are, the raw, improvised specifications for the format. I'll try to find a better way to specify the format before the production release, but for now this will have to do. When a plural of something is specified, the separator used will be specified inside the () part. For instance, "assignments(';')" means that multiple assignments are allowed, separated by the ';' character.
top: assignments(';') assignment: key | key value | key key value key: integer | string | bareword value: integer | string | list | hash | symbol integer: /\d+/ string: '"' <text> '"' bareword: [\w:]+ list: '[' values(' ') ']' hash: '{' assignments(';') '}' symbol: bareword
As specified above, there are three different ways to assign something to a key. The first is the keyword style assignment. No value is specified, implicitly setting the key to a true value.
foo; # perl equivalent: { foo => 1 }
The second way is the standard key/value type assignment.
foo "bar"; # perl equivalent: { foo => "bar" }
The third is similar to the standard key/value type assignment, but works on one level deeper. You specify two keys, and the first key is implicitly refering to a hash (It will be converted to one if it isn't already) while the second key is a key for that hash. This is to allow constructs like this as seen in the earlier example:
zone "localhost" { type master; file "master/localhost.db"; };
This is almost equivalent of doing:
zone { localhost { type master; file "master/localhost.db"; }; };
However, the latter example will overwrite any existing "zone" key, while the first will merge with an existing hash.
There are three different types of values:
An integer number. More number types will be supported before a production release, but currently this is it.
A plain doublequoted string.
A collection of values enclosed in [] brackets separated by spaces.
A collection of assignments enclosed in {} brackets separated by semicolons.
A bareword that is looked up in an internal symbol table and replaced with the value found there. A symbol that does not resolve will throw an error. The currently predefined symbols are "null", "true", and "false", respectively returning undef, 1, and an empty string.
Keys can be integers, strings, and barewords. Bareword matches the same as symbols, but when on the left hand side will not be looked up in the symbol table and instead just used as a literal value like when using the perl "=>" operator.
my $parser = Config::Settings->new;
Constructs a new configuration file parser. See below for constructor arguments.
my $settings = $parser->parse ($string);
Parses a text string. This will soon be extended to also allow references and filehandles, but right now only plain strings are supported.
my $settings = $parser->parse_file ($filename);
Sugar for parsing the content of a given file.
my $parser = Config::Settings->new (symbol_table => {});
Specifies a custom symbol table to use. A symbol table is a regular hash table with the symbol name as key. The value may be anything, but if it's a coderef, it will be executed and the return value used. If you need the value to be an actual coderef, wrap it in another coderef.
name "MyApp"; model "MyApp" { schema_class "MyApp::Schema"; connect_info { dsn "dbi:SQLite:dbname=__HOME__/db/myapp.db"; AutoCommit; auto_savepoint; }; }; view "TT" { ENCODING "UTF-8"; TEMPLATE_EXTENSION ".html"; INCLUDE_PATH "__HOME__/templates"; }; Plugin::Authentication { default_realm "members"; realms { members { credential { class "Password"; password_field "password"; password_type "hashed"; password_hash_type "SHA-256"; }; store { class "DBIx::Class"; user_model "MyApp::User"; }; }; }; };
So you think you might have found a bug in my software do you? Well, don't be shy about it. I can't improve this package if you don't tell me about it. Go to its homepage listed below where you will find an issue tracker.
Please don't use the CPAN-RT issue tracker to report bugs. Although I occationally check it, chances are you're not going to get a fast response.
Homepage: http://redmine.berle.cc/projects/show/config-settings Git: git@github.com:berle/config-settings.git
Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
Copyright (c) 2009 Anders Nor Berle
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
To install Config::Settings, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Config::Settings
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Config::Settings
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.