Statistics::OnLine - Pure Perl implementation of the on-line algorithm to produce statistics
use Statistics::OnLine; my $s = Statistics::OnLine->new; my @data = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); $s->add_data( @data ); $s->add_data( 6, 7 ); $s->add_data( 8 ); print "count = ",$s->count,"\tmean = ",$s->mean,"\tvariance = ",$s->variance,"\tvariance_n = ", $s->variance_n,"\tskewness = ",$s->skewness,"\tkurtosis = ",$s->kurtosis,"\n"; $s->add_data( ); # does nothing! print "count = ",$s->count,"\tmean = ",$s->mean,"\tvariance = ",$s->variance,"\tvariance_n = ", $s->variance_n,"\tskewness = ",$s->skewness,"\tkurtosis = ",$s->kurtosis,"\n"; $s->add_data( 9, 10 ); print "count = ",$s->count,"\tmean = ",$s->mean,"\tvariance = ",$s->variance,"\tvariance_n = ", $s->variance_n,"\tskewness = ",$s->skewness,"\tkurtosis = ",$s->kurtosis,"\n";
This module implements a tool to perform statistic operations on large datasets which, typically, could not fit the memory of the machine, e.g. a stream of data from the network.
Once instantiated, an object of the class provide an add_data method to add data to the dataset. When the computation of some statistics is required, at some point of the stream, the appropriate method can be called. After the execution of the statistics it is possible to continue to add new data. In turn, the object will continue to update the existing data to provide new statistics.
add_data
Creates a new Statistics::OnLine object and returns it.
Statistics::OnLine
Adds new data to the object and updates the internal state of the statistics.
The method return the object itself in order to use it in chaining:
my $v = $s->add_data( 1, 2, 3, 4 )->variance;
Cleans the internal state of the object and resets all the internal statistics.
Return the object itself in order to use it in chaining:
my $v = $s->clean->add_data( 1, 2, 3, 4 )->variance;
Returns the actual number or elements inserted and processed by the object.
Returns the average of the elements inserted into the system:
\fract{ \sum_1^n{x_i} }{ n }
Returns the variance of the element inserted into the system:
\fract{ \sum_1^n{avg - x_i} }{ n - 1 }
\fract{ \sum_1^n{avg - x_i} }{ n }
Returns the skewness (third standardized moment) of the element inserted into the system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skewness
Returns the kurtosis (fourth standardized moment) of the element inserted into the system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtosis
The conditions in which the system can return errors, using a die are:
die
Some functions need a minimum number of elements to be computed: mean, variance_n and skewness need at least one element, variance at least two and kurtosis needs at least four.
mean
variance_n
skewness
variance
kurtosis
Both kurtosis and skewness need that variance to be greater than zero.
On-line statistics are based on strong mathematical foundations which transform the standard computations into a sequence of operations that incrementally update with new values the actual ones.
There are some referencence in the web. This documentation suggest to start your investigation from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating_variance#Higher-order_statistics. The linked page provides other useful references on the foundations of the method.
The module is intended to be used in all the situations in which: (1) the number of data elements could be too large with respect the memory of the system, or (2) the elements arrive at different time stamps and intermediate results are needed.
If the length of the stream is fixed, all the data elements are present in a single place and there is not need for intermediate results, it could be better to use different modules, for instance Statistics::Lite, to make computations.
The reason for this choice is that the module uses a stable approximation, well suited for the use on steams (effectively an on-line algorithm). Using this system on fixed datasets could introduce some (little) approximation.
Corrected typos in documentation
Initial version of the module
Francesco Nidito
Copyright 2009 Francesco Nidito. All rights reserved.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Statistics::Lite, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating_variance#Higher-order_statistics
To install Statistics::OnLine, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Statistics::OnLine
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Statistics::OnLine
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.