Guile - Perl interface to the Guile Scheme interpreter.
use Guile; print "1 + 1 = ", Guile::eval_str("(+ 1 1)"), "\n";
This module provides an interface to the Gnu Guile system. You can find out more about Guile at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/guile.html.
Guile is an interpreter for the Scheme programming language. "Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman." You can find this quote in the language definition for Scheme here:
http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/r5rs_toc.html
This module is being developed in order to support the development and usage of an Inline::Guile module. The intention is to allow Perl programmers to intermix Perl and Guile code in their programs and modules.
This module has two rather aggressive requirements:
I'll eventually test against older Perl versions but for now I'm only working with the latest and greatest.
At the time of this writing Guile 1.5.0 hasn't even been released yet. You can only get it from CVS. Details can be found at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/anon-cvs.html
I don't think this module will ever work with older Guile versions.
This module provides an interface to almost every function available in libguile. This encompasses almost the entire gh_ and scm_ sets. In general, any function that takes one or more SCM arguements and returns an SCM or void will be available. Many other functions are also available - see the FUNCTION LIST section below for a complete list.
gh_
scm_
Functions are called without their scm_, gh_ prefixes in the Guile namespace. For example, to call the C function gh_cons, you write:
gh_cons
my $cons = Guile::cons($car, $cdr);
In the cases where both a gh_ and an scm_ funtion exist the gh_ function is used.
No attempt will be made to document all the Guile functions - for that you must refer to the Guile documentation. Try "info guile" to get started.
I've added a few convenience functions that I thought would help make using Guile from Perl easier.
This is equivalent to apply(lookup($proc_name), \@args). It allows you to pass the name of the procedure to call instead of a Guile procedure object (although that will work too).
apply(lookup($proc_name), \@args)
Guile has a single datatype called an SCM. You can create an SCM by calling the new() method in the Guile::SCM package:
my $scm = new Guile::SCM;
This creats an SCM with the "undefined" value (aka SCM_UNDEFINED). To create an SCM with a more useful value you call new with an argument:
# to create a string SCM: my $scm = new Guile::SCM "foo"; # an integer my $scm = new Guile::SCM 100_000; # a floating-point number my $scm = new Guile::SCM 10.5e5; # a list of integers my $scm = new Guile::SCM [ 10, 20, 30, 40 ] # a list of mixed types my $scm = new Guile::SCM [ 10, "foo", 30, 40.5 ]
The above calls determine the type of the SCM automatically. This works well for constants but not so well for variables. For example, the code below doesn't create an integer SCM with the value 100:
my $number = 10; $number .= "0"; my $scm = new Guile::SCM $number;
That's because Perl transformed the $number into a string scalar in order to concatenate "0" to it. Thus, new() created an SCM with the string value "100". The difference doesn't matter to Perl but a Guile function you call might not be expecting a string instead of a number. To solve this problem, you need to create the SCM with an explicit type:
my $scm = new Guile::SCM integer => $number;
Another reason to use an explicit type is to create types that have no obvious corollary in Perl, like a pair. Normally Guile assumes that array-refs should be translated into lists. To create a pair you need to specify the "pair" type and a reference to a two-element array:
my $scm = new Guile::SCM pair => ["foo", 20];
The following types are available for use with new():
integer real string symbol list pair
For each of these types Guile has a predicate function for identifying them. In Guile these functions end in a "?". In the Perl interface they have a "_p" ending instead. These functions return a boolean indicating if their argument is of the specified type:
# prints 1 my $scm = new Guile::SCM integer => 10; print "1\n" if Guile::integer_p($scm);
The Guile::SCM class provides an overload interface for most overloaded operations.
Mathematic operations on Guile::SCM objects are handled with Guile's procedures:
my $one = new Guile::SCM 1; my $two = new Guile::SCM 2; my $three = $one + $two;
In the above example $three contains an SCM with the integer value 3. The addition is performed inside Guile - no conversion to Perl datatypes is requied. This doesn't matter much in general practice but it allows greater flexibility in handling Guile data that Perl would have a difficult time representing like large integers and floating point numbers.
You can treat Guile lists and pairs as arrays from Perl:
my $list = new Guile::SCM [ 'foo', 'bar', 1, 2 ]; print "Guile, say foo: ", $list->[0], "\n";
Will print:
Guile, say foo: foo
This works for list structures of any complexity:
my $alist = Guile::SCM->new([ Guile::SCM->new(pair => [ foo => 1 ]), Guile::SCM->new(pair => [ bar => 2 ]) ]); print "Foo: ", $alist->[0][1], "\n", "Bar: ", $alist->[1][1], "\n";
Foo: 1 Bar: 2
Schemers in the audience will recognize the above as an associative list. Eventually I'd like to support hash accessors for such structures. See the TODO section for all manner of crazy schemes like this.
The Guile::SCM object also provides an overloaded procedure call interface. This can be used to call procedures and closures in Guile. For example, if you lookup a procedure by name, you can then call the procedure:
my $add = Guile::lookup("+"); my $result = $add->($arg1, $arg2);
It may seem like a lot of work to create an SCM. It is, but it's very rarely necessary. For example, the below does just what you'd expect it to:
my $cell = Guile::cons(1, 2);
Creates a cons cell (aka pair) out of the values 1 and 2. These values are auto-translated into SCMs using the single argument form of Guile::SCM::new() above. This is the same thing, writen out:
my $cell = Guile::cons(Guile::SCM::new(1), Guile::SCM::new(2));
Any Guile function that expects an SCM for an argument will accept Perl variables and attempt to auto-convert them to SCMs. Not all Perl types can be auto-converted at this time - see the docs above for Guile::SCM::new() for the current list.
This module is in an early alpha state. Many important things still don't work. Here's an incomplete list of TODO items:
ports
I'd like to be able to pass ports and filehandles back and forth between Guile and Perl. It seems do-able but requires a rather elaborate tie system.
hashes
This should be pretty easy but probably isn't a high priority. Guile doesn't encourage a lot of hash usage.
associative lists
Schemers don't use a lot of hashes but they do use associative lists. Currently these are supported with the same tools Schemers always use. I'd also like to give them a hash interface to make things easier on Perl programmers. This is another complicated tie project.
vectors and arrays
Their fixed dimensions don't make for an obvious mapping into Perl. Perhaps a PDL mapping? Or a specialized tied object?
big numbers, big floats, big problems
Guile supports a much more robust numeric system than Perl. Possible integration of Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat? This probably requires a more mathy mind than mine.
objects (?)
Two uninhibited object systems meet and... explode?
callbacks into Perl
This seems easy enough but the API needs to be carefully designed. A good implementation could lead to a Inline::CPR type thing for Guile that would give Guile programmers access to Perl. Egads!
I'd like this interface to allow passing of closures back and forth between Guile and Perl. It already works from Guile => Perl.
continuations
I have no idea what needs to be done or what might be possible here. I serriously doubt Perl will ever support continuations in a meaningful way. Does that mean they can't work with Guile.pm? I'm not sure.
Sometimes Guile will dump core if you give it arguments it wasn't expecting. For example, if you do
Guile::cdr(1);
You should expect a core dump. I don't know if I'm in the right position to fix this since it seems to me more like a problem inside Guile itself.
If you find yourself getting core dumps, try using Guile::write() to examine the data you're passing to Guile functions. You might also consider coding defensively using the predicate functions (*_p) to verify the type of the data you're working with.
This project is just starting and the more people that get involved the better. For the time being we can use the Inline mailing-list to get organized. Send a blank message to inline-subscribe@perl.org to join the list.
If you just want to report a bug (just one?) or tell how sick the whole idea makes you then you can email me directly at sam@tregar.com.
The following list contains the name and prototype of every wrapped libguile function. Please see the Guile documentation for more information.
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gettimeofday($;) getuid($;) gmtime($;$) goops_version($;) gr_p($;$$) grow_tok_buf($;$) gsubr_apply($;$) guard($;$$$) guardian_destroyed_p($;$) guardian_greedy_p($;$) hash($;$$) hash_create_handle_x($;$$$) hash_fold($;$$$) hash_get_handle($;$$) hash_ref($;$$$) hash_remove_x($;$$) hash_set_x($;$$$) hashq($;$$) hashq_create_handle_x($;$$$) hashq_get_handle($;$$) hashq_ref($;$$$) hashq_remove_x($;$$) hashq_set_x($;$$$) hashv($;$$) hashv_create_handle_x($;$$$) hashv_get_handle($;$$) hashv_ref($;$$$) hashv_remove_x($;$$) hashv_set_x($;$$$) hashx_create_handle_x($;$$$$$) hashx_get_handle($;$$$$) hashx_ref($;$$$$$) hashx_remove_x($;$$$$$) hashx_set_x($;$$$$$) hook_empty_p($;$) hook_p($;$) hook_to_list($;$) htonl($;$) htons($;$) i_big2dbl($;$) i_copybig($;$$) i_dbl2big($;$) i_display_error($$$$$$) i_eval($;$$) i_eval_x($;$$) i_get_keyword($;$$$$$) i_int2big($;$) i_long2big($;$) i_normbig($;$) i_procedure_arity($;$) igc($) ilength($;$) ilookup($;$$) imag_part($;$) import_environment_imports($;$) import_environment_p($;$) import_environment_set_imports_x($;$$) inet_aton($;$) inet_makeaddr($;$$) inet_netof($;$) inet_ntoa($;$) inet_ntop($;$$) inet_pton($;$$) inexact_p($;$) inexact_to_exact($;$) init_dynamic_linking init_goops_builtins($;) init_guile init_load_path init_rdelim_builtins($;) init_rw_builtins($;) init_storage($;) init_subr_table init_symbols_deprecated input_port_p($;$) instance_p($;$) int2num($;$) int2scm($;$) integer_expt($;$$) integer_length($;$) integer_p($;$) integer_to_char($;$) interaction_environment($;) intern0($;$) intern_symbol($;$$) internal_parse_path($;$$) intprint($$$) ipruk($$$) isatty_p($;$) istr2bve($;$$) istr2flo($;$$$) istr2int($;$$$) istring2number($;$$$) ithrow($;$$$) join_thread($;$) keyword_dash_symbol($;$) keyword_p($;$) kill($;$$) last_pair($;$) last_stack_frame($;$) lazy_catch($;$$$) lcm($;$$) leaf_environment_p($;$) length($;$) leq_p($;$$) less_p($;$$) link($;$$) list($;$) list_1($;$) list_2($;$$) list_3($;$$$) list_4($;$$$$) list_5($;$$$$$) list_cdr_set_x($;$$$) list_copy($;$) list_head($;$$) list_p($;$) list_ref($;$$) list_set_x($;$$$) list_tail($;$$) list_to_uniform_array($;$$$) listen($;$$) lnaof($;$) load_extension($;$$) load_goops load_scheme_module($;$) load_startup_files local_eval($;$$) localtime($;$$) lock_mutex($;$) logand($;$$) logbit_p($;$$) logcount($;$) logior($;$$) lognot($;$) logtest($;$$) logxor($;$$) long2num($;$) long2scm($;$) lookup($;$) lookup_closure_module($;$) lookupcar($;$$$) lreadparen($;$$$$) lreadr($;$$$) lreadrecparen($;$$$$) lstat($;$) m_0_cond($;$$) m_0_ify($;$$) m_1_ify($;$$) m_and($;$$) m_apply($;$$) m_at_call_with_values($;$$) m_atbind($;$$) m_atdispatch($;$$) m_atfop($;$$) m_atslot_ref($;$$) m_atslot_set_x($;$$) m_begin($;$$) m_case($;$$) m_cond($;$$) m_cont($;$$) m_define($;$$) m_delay($;$$) m_do($;$$) m_expand_body($;$$) m_generalized_set_x($;$$) m_if($;$$) m_lambda($;$$) m_let($;$$) m_letrec($;$$) m_letstar($;$$) m_nil_cond($;$$) m_nil_ify($;$$) m_or($;$$) 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primitive_make_property($;$) primitive_move_to_fdes($;$$) primitive_property_del_x($;$$) primitive_property_ref($;$$) primitive_property_set_x($;$$$) prin1($$$) print_options($;$) print_port_mode($$) procedure($;$) procedure_documentation($;$) procedure_environment($;$) procedure_name($;$) procedure_p($;$) procedure_properties($;$) procedure_property($;$$) procedure_source($;$) procedure_with_setter_p($;$) product($;$$) program_arguments($;) promise_p($;$) protect_object($;$) pseudolong($;$) pt_member($;$) pt_size($;) putenv($;$) puts($$) quotient($;$$) ra2contig($;$$) ra_difference($;$$) ra_divide($;$$) ra_eqp($;$$) ra_greqp($;$$) ra_grp($;$$) ra_leqp($;$$) ra_lessp($;$$) ra_matchp($;$$) ra_product($;$$) ra_set_contp($) ra_sum($;$$) raequal($;$$) raise($;$) random($;$$) random_exp($;$) random_hollow_sphere_x($;$$) random_normal($;$) random_normal_vector_x($;$$) random_solid_sphere_x($;$$) random_uniform($;$) read($;$) read_0str($;$) read_and_eval_x($;$) read_char($;$) read_hash_extend($;$$) read_line($;$) read_only_string_p($;$) read_options($;$) readdir($;$) readlink($;$) ready_p($;) real_equalp($;$$) real_p($;$) real_part($;$) recv($;$$$) recvfrom($;$$$$$) redirect_port($;$$) registered_modules($;) release_arbiter($;$) remainder($;$$) remember($) remember_upto_here_1($) remember_upto_here_2($$) remove_from_port_table($) remove_hook_x($;$$) rename($;$$) report_stack_overflow reset_hook_x($;$) resolve_module($;$) restore_signals($;) revealed_count($;$) reverse($;$) reverse_lookup($;$$) reverse_x($;$$) rewinddir($;$) rmdir($;$) round($;$) run_asyncs($;$) run_hook($;$$) scm2bool($;$) scm2chars($;$$) scm2double($;$) scm2int($;$) scm2long($;$) scm2ulong($;$) search_path($;$$$) seed_to_random_state($;$) seek($;$$$) select($;$$$$$) send($;$$$) sendto($;$$$$$) set_car_x($;$$) set_cdr_x($;$$) set_current_error_port($;$) set_current_input_port($;$) set_current_module($;$) set_current_output_port($;$) set_object_procedure_x($;$$) set_object_properties_x($;$$) set_object_property_x($;$$$) set_port_column_x($;$$) set_port_filename_x($;$$) set_port_line_x($;$$) set_port_revealed_x($;$$) set_procedure_properties_x($;$$) set_procedure_property_x($;$$$) set_source_properties_x($;$$) set_source_property_x($;$$$) set_struct_vtable_name_x($;$$) set_switch_rate($;$) set_tick_rate($;$) setbuf0($;$) setegid($;$) seteuid($;$) setgid($;$) setgrent($;$) sethost($;$) sethostname($;$) setlocale($;$$) setnet($;$) setpgid($;$$) setpriority($;$$$) setproto($;$) setpwent($;$) setserv($;$) setsid($;) setsockopt($;$$$$) setter($;$) setuid($;$) setvbuf($;$$$) shap2ra($;$$) shared_array_increments($;$) shared_array_offset($;$) shared_array_root($;$) shell_usage($$) shutdown($;$$) sigaction($;$$$) signal_condition_variable($;$) simple_format($;$$$) sleep($;$) sloppy_assoc($;$$) sloppy_assq($;$$) sloppy_assv($;$$) sloppy_member($;$$) sloppy_memq($;$$) sloppy_memv($;$$) slot_bound_p($;$$) slot_bound_using_class_p($;$$$) slot_exists_using_class_p($;$$$) slot_ref($;$$) slot_ref_using_class($;$$$) slot_set_using_class_x($;$$$$) slot_set_x($;$$$) slots_exists_p($;$$) smob_prehistory socket($;$$$) socketpair($;$$$) sort($;$$) sort_list($;$$) sort_list_x($;$$) sort_x($;$$) sorted_p($;$$) source_properties($;$) source_property($;$$) srcprops_to_plist($;$) stable_sort($;$$) stable_sort_x($;$$) stack_id($;$) stack_length($;$) stack_p($;$) stack_ref($;$$) stack_report standard_eval_closure($;$) standard_interface_eval_closure($;$) start_stack($;$$$) stat($;$) status_exit_val($;$) status_stop_sig($;$) status_term_sig($;$) str02scm($;$) strerror($;$) strftime($;$$) string($;$) string_append($;$) string_capitalize($;$) string_capitalize_x($;$) string_ci_equal_p($;$$) string_ci_geq_p($;$$) string_ci_gr_p($;$$) string_ci_leq_p($;$$) string_ci_less_p($;$$) string_ci_to_symbol($;$) string_copy($;$) string_downcase($;$) string_downcase_x($;$) string_equal_p($;$$) string_fill_x($;$$) string_geq_p($;$$) string_gr_p($;$$) string_index($;$$$$) string_length($;$) string_leq_p($;$$) string_less_p($;$$) string_null_p($;$) string_p($;$) string_ref($;$$) string_rindex($;$$$$) string_set_x($;$$$) string_split($;$$) string_to_list($;$) string_to_number($;$$) string_to_obarray_symbol($;$$$) string_to_symbol($;$) string_upcase($;$) string_upcase_x($;$) strport_to_string($;$) strprint_obj($;$) strptime($;$$) struct_create_handle($;$) struct_p($;$) struct_prehistory struct_ref($;$$) struct_set_x($;$$$) struct_vtable($;$) struct_vtable_name($;$) struct_vtable_p($;$) struct_vtable_tag($;$) subr_p($;$) substring($;$$$) substring_fill_x($;$$$$) sum($;$$) swap_fluids($$) swap_fluids_reverse($$) switch sym2ovcell($;$$) sym2ovcell_soft($;$$) sym2var($;$$$) sym2vcell($;$$$) symbol2scm($;$) symbol_binding($;$$) symbol_bound_p($;$$) symbol_fref($;$) symbol_fset_x($;$$) symbol_hash($;$) symbol_interned_p($;$$) symbol_p($;$) symbol_pref($;$) symbol_pset_x($;$$) symbol_set_x($;$$$) symbol_to_string($;$) symbol_value0($;$) symbols_prehistory symlink($;$$) sync($;) sys_allocate_instance($;$$) sys_atan2($;$$) sys_compute_applicable_methods($;$$) sys_compute_slots($;$) sys_expt($;$$) sys_fast_slot_ref($;$$) sys_fast_slot_set_x($;$$$) sys_inherit_magic_x($;$$) sys_initialize_object($;$$) sys_invalidate_class($;$) sys_invalidate_method_cache_x($;$) sys_library_dir($;) sys_make_void_port($;$) sys_method_more_specific_p($;$$$) sys_modify_class($;$$) sys_modify_instance($;$$) sys_package_data_dir($;) sys_prep_layout_x($;$) sys_search_load_path($;$) sys_set_object_setter_x($;$$) sys_site_dir($;) sys_tag_body($;$) sysintern($;$$) sysintern0($;$) sysintern0_no_module_lookup($;$) system($;$) system_async($;$) system_async_mark($;$) system_module_env_p($;$) t_arrayo_list($;$) tables_prehistory take0str($;$) tcgetpgrp($;$) tcsetpgrp($;$$) the_root_module($;) threads_make_mutex($;) threads_mark_stacks threads_monitor($;) throw($;$$) thunk_p($;$) times($;) tmpnam($;) top_level_env($;$) transpose_array($;$$) trunc($;$) truncate($;$) truncate_file($;$$) try_arbiter($;$) ttyname($;$) tzset($;) umask($;$) uname($;) ungetc($$) ungets($$$) unhash_name($;$) uniform_array_read_x($;$$$$) uniform_array_write($;$$$$) uniform_vector_length($;$) uniform_vector_ref($;$$) unintern_symbol($;$$) unlock_mutex($;$) unmask_signals($;) unmemocar($;$$) unmemocopy($;$$) unmemoize($;$) unprotect_object($;$) unread_char($;$$) unread_string($;$$) usleep($;$) utime($;$$$) valid_object_procedure_p($;$) valid_oport_value_p($;$) values($;$) variable_bound_p($;$) variable_p($;$) variable_ref($;$) variable_set_name_hint($;$$) variable_set_x($;$$) vector($;$) vector_equal_p($;$$) vector_fill_x($;$$) vector_length($;$) vector_p($;$) vector_ref($;$$) vector_set_length_x($;$$) vector_set_x($;$$$) vector_to_list($;$) version($;) void_port($;$) wait_condition_variable($;$$) waitpid($;$$) weak_key_hash_table_p($;$) weak_value_hash_table_p($;$) weak_vector($;$) weak_vector_p($;$) weaks_prehistory with_fluids($;$$$) with_traps($;$) write($) write_char($;$$) write_line($;$$) yield($;) zero_p($;$)
Sam Tregar, sam@tregar.com
Inline
Guile : A Perl binding to the GNU Guile Interpreter. Copyright (C) 2001 Sam Tregar (sam@tregar.com)
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either:
a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version, or
b) the "Artistic License" which comes with this module.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the Artistic License with this module, in the file ARTISTIC. If not, I'll be glad to provide one.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
2 POD Errors
The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:
=back doesn't take any parameters, but you said =back 4
To install Guile, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Guile
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Guile
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.