# vim: syntax=pod

If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see.
It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially
designed to be readable as is. But if you have been into Perl you
probably already know this.

=head1 NAME

perlsynology - Perl 5 on Synology DSM systems

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Synology manufactures a vast number of Network Attached Storage (NAS)
devices that are very popular in large organisations as well as small
businesses and homes.

The NAS systems are equipped with Synology Disk Storage Manager (DSM),
which is a trimmed-down Linux system enhanced with several tools for
managing the NAS. There are several flavours of hardware: Marvell
Armada (ARMv5tel, ARMv7l), Intel Atom (i686, x86_64), Freescale QorIQ
(PPC), and more. For a full list see the
L<Synology FAQ|https://kb.synology.com/en-global/DSM/tutorial/What_kind_of_CPU_does_my_NAS_have>.

Since it is based on Linux, the NAS can run many popular Linux
software packages, including Perl. In fact, Synology provides a
ready-to-install package for Perl, depending on the version of DSM
the installed perl ranges from 5.8.6 on DSM-4.3 to 5.28.1 on DSM-7.1.

There is an active user community that provides many software packages
for the Synology DSM systems; at the time of writing this document
they provide Perl version 5.28.1.

This document describes various features of Synology DSM operating
system that will affect how Perl 5 (hereafter just Perl) is
configured, compiled and/or runs. It has been compiled and verified by
Johan Vromans for the Synology DS413 (QorIQ), with feedback from
H.Merijn Brand (DS213: ARMv5tel, RS815: Intel Atom x64, and DS218+:
Celeron J3355).

=head2 Setting up the build environment

=head3 DSM 7

For a comfortable development environment, Entware is currently the only
viable solution. Just follow the detailed instructions on
L<Install Entware on Synology NAS|https://github.com/Entware/Entware/wiki/Install-on-Synology-NAS>.
supported architectures are armv5, armv7, mipsel, wl500g, x86_32, and x86_64.
Check L<here|https://pkg.entware.net/binaries/> for supported platforms.

That github link also shows what environments should be supported.

It was tested on DSM-7.1 by H.Merijn Brand on a DS218+ and a DS220+ (both
Intel x64).

Entware comes with a precompiled 5.26.1 (Jan 2018) that allowes
building shared XS code. Note that this installation does B<not> use
a site_perl folder. The available C<cpan> works. If all required
development packages are installed too, also for XS.

Installing perl from the Community package center:

=over 4

=item *

Using your favourite browser open the DSM management page and start
the Package Center.

=item *

In Settings, add the following Package Sources:

  Name:     Community
  Location: https://synopackage.com/repository/spk/All

=item *

Still in Settings, in Channel Update, select Beta Channel.

=back

To complete the development environment, install make and gcc

 ds220# opkg install make gcc

Then, optionally, make sure you use the more recent bash and gawk.

 ds220# opkg install bash gawk
 ds220# cd /usr/bin
 ds220# mv bash bash.syno
 ds220# ln -s /opt/bin/bash .

In order to have Configure find the required libraries

 ds220# cd /opt/lib
 ds220# ln -s libcrypt.so.?       libcrypt.so
 ds220# ln -s libdl.so.?          libdl.so
 ds220# ln -s libgdbm.so.?        libgdbm.so
 ds220# ln -s libgdbm_compat.so.? libgdbm_compat.so
 ds220# ln -s libm.so.?           libm.so
 ds220# ln -s libpthread.so.?     libpthread.so
 ds220# ln -s libutil.so.?        libutil.so

=head3 DSM 6

Using iPkg has been deprecated on DSM 6, but an alternative is available
for DSM 6: entware/opkg. For instructions on how to use that, please read
L<Install Entware-ng on Synology NAS|https://github.com/Entware-ng/Entware-ng/wiki/Install-on-Synology-NAS>

That sadly does not (yet) work on QorIQ. At the moment of writing, the
supported architectures are armv5, armv7, mipsel, wl500g, x86_32, and x86_64.
Check L<here|https://pkg.entware.net/binaries/> for supported platforms.

Entware-ng comes with a precompiled 5.24.1 (June 2017) that allowes
building shared XS code. Note that this installation does B<not> use
a site_perl folder. The available C<cpan> works. If all required
development packages are installed too, also for XS.

=head3 DSM 5

As DSM is a trimmed-down Linux system, it lacks many of the tools and
libraries commonly found on Linux. The basic tools like sh, cp, rm,
etc. are implemented using
L<BusyBox|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusyBox>.

=over 4

=item *

Using your favourite browser open the DSM management page and start
the Package Center.

=item *

If you want to smoke test Perl, install C<Perl>.

=item *

In Settings, add the following Package Sources:

  https://www.cphub.net
  http://packages.quadrat4.de

As these two are both discontinued, it is unlikely you will be able
to set up a build environment on DSM 5.

=item *

Still in Settings, in Channel Update, select Beta Channel.

=item *

Press Refresh. In the left panel the item "Community" will appear.
Click it. Select "Bootstrap Installer Beta" and install it.

=item *

Likewise, install "iPKGui Beta".

The application window should now show an icon for iPKGui.

=item *

Start iPKGui. Install the packages C<make>, C<gcc> and C<coreutils>.

If you want to smoke test Perl, install C<patch>.

=back

The next step is to add some symlinks to system libraries. For
example, the development software expect a library C<libm.so> that
normally is a symlink to C<libm.so.6>. Synology only provides the
latter and not the symlink.

Here the actual architecture of the Synology system matters. You have
to find out where the gcc libraries have been installed. Look in /opt
for a directory similar to arm-none-linux-gnueab or
powerpc-linux-gnuspe. In the instructions below I'll use
powerpc-linux-gnuspe as an example.

=over 4

=item *

On the DSM management page start the Control Panel.

=item *

Click Terminal, and enable SSH service.

=item *

Close Terminal and the Control Panel.

=item *

Open a shell on the Synology using ssh and become root.

=item *

Execute the following commands:

  cd /lib
  ln -s libm.so.6 libm.so
  ln -s libcrypt.so.1 libcrypt.so
  ln -s libdl.so.2 libdl.so
  cd /opt/powerpc-linux-gnuspe/lib  (or
                                    /opt/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib)
  ln -s /lib/libdl.so.2 libdl.so

=back

B<WARNING:> When you perform a system software upgrade, these links
will disappear and need to be re-established.

=head2 Compiling Perl 5

When the build environment has been set up, building and testing Perl
is straightforward. The only thing you need to do is download the
sources as usual, and add a file Policy.sh as follows:

  # Administrivia.
  perladmin="your.email@goes.here"

  # Install Perl in a tree in /opt/perl instead of /opt/bin.
  prefix=/opt/perl

  # Select the compiler. Note that there is no 'cc' alias or link
  # on older DSM versions
  cc=gcc
  awk=/opt/bin/gawk

  # Build flags. Optional
  ccflags="-DDEBUGGING"

  # Library and include paths.
  locincpth="/opt/include"
  loclibpth="/opt/lib /usr/local/lib /usr/lib"
  libpth="/opt/lib /usr/local/lib /usr/lib"

You may want to create the destination directory and give it the right
permissions before installing, thus eliminating the need to build Perl
as a super user.

In the directory where you unpacked the sources, issue the familiar
commands:

  $ bash ./Configure -Dusedevel -Duseshrplib -Duse64bitall -des
  $ make -j2
  $ env TEST_JOBS=2 make test_harness
  $ make install

=head2 Known problems

=head3 Configure

The GNU C-compiler might spit out unexpected stuff under -v, which
causes the analysis of cppsymbols to fail because of unmatched quotes.

You'll note if config.sh fails with a syntax error.

=head3 Build

=over 4

=item Error message "No error definitions found".

This error is generated when it is not possible to find the local
definitions for error codes, due to the uncommon structure of the
Synology file system.

This error was fixed in the Perl development git for version 5.19,
commit 7a8f1212e5482613c8a5b0402528e3105b26ff24.

=back

=head3 Failing tests

=over 4

=item F<ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t>

One subtest fails due to the uncommon structure of the Synology file
system. The file F</lib/glibc.so> is missing.

B<WARNING:> Do not symlink F</lib/glibc.so.6> to F</lib/glibc.so> or
some system components will start to fail.

=back

=head2 Smoke testing Perl

If building completes successfully, you can set up smoke testing as
described in the Test::Smoke documentation.

For smoke testing you need a running Perl. You can either install the
Synology supplied package for Perl 5.8.6, or build and install your
own, much more recent version.

Note that I could not run successful smokes when initiated by the
Synology Task Scheduler. I resorted to initiating the smokes via a
cron job run on another system, using ssh:

  ssh nas1 wrk/Test-Smoke/smoke/smokecurrent.sh

=head3 Local patches

When local patches are applied with smoke testing, the test driver
will automatically request regeneration of certain tables after the
patches are applied. The Synology supplied Perl 5.8.6 (at least on the
DS413) B<is NOT capable> of generating these tables. It will generate
opcodes with bogus values, causing the build to fail.

You can prevent regeneration by adding the setting

  'flags' => 0,

to the smoke config, or by adding another patch that inserts

  exit 0 if $] == 5.008006;

in the beginning of the C<regen.pl> program.

=head2 Adding libraries

The above procedure describes a basic environment and hence results in
a basic Perl. If you want to add additional libraries to Perl, you may
need some extra settings.

For example, the basic Perl does not have any of the DB libraries (db,
dbm, ndbm, gdsm). You can add these using iPKGui, however, you need to
set environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH to the appropriate value:

  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/opt/lib
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

This setting needs to be in effect while Perl is built, but also when
the programs are run.

=head1 REVISION

July 2022, for DSM 5.1.5022 and DSM 6.1-15101-4, and DSM-7.1-42661-3.

=head1 AUTHOR

Johan Vromans <jvromans@squirrel.nl>
H. Merijn Brand <cpan@tux.freedom.nl>

=cut